Solar energy is a renewable power source that harnesses the sun`s light to generate electricity. It can help us become more energy-independent and secure globally.
Solar power has become more affordable and more accessible as the price of solar panels has fallen over the years. Some states offer financial incentives that make solar energy even more affordable.
Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (often shortened to PV) are solar cells that convert sunlight directly into electricity. This process, known as the photovoltaic effect, is what gave them their name and has allowed them to power calculators, watches and space satellites since they were first developed in 1954.
Photovoltaic systems consist of solar panels that absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. A solar inverter changes the electric current from DC or AC and other components. You can find them in small rooftop or building-integrated installations to large, utility-scale power plants of hundreds of megawatts.
Researchers at NREL and other laboratories around the world are working to develop solar photovoltaics that will be durable, reliable and low-cost for years to come. They are also trying to find ways to integrate solar energy into the grid without disrupting the delicate balance between energy demand and supply. These goals are designed to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels, and mitigate climate change.
Solar Thermal
Solar thermal energy is a technique that harnesses the sun`s energy to heat water and air for commercial and residential use. This type of renewable energy is distinct from photovoltaics which converts sunlight into electricity.
There are several types of solar thermal technologies, including low temperature (flat plate) collectors for swimming pools and boiler water preheating and medium and high-temperature collectors that concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses for electric power generation.
Concentrating solar thermal energy (CSP) technology employs thousands of mirrors to focus sunlight`s rays onto a heat receiver. The heat is then converted to steam, which drives standard turbines to produce electricity.
The unique ability of solar thermal power plants to store heat generated during the day can allow them to produce electricity in times when the sun is not shining. This makes solar thermal an integral part of a carbon neutral energy system.
Solar Water Heating
Solar water heating systems use the sun`s energy to heat potable water, reducing fuel costs and pollution. They can serve up to 80% of a building`s hot water needs, with minimal operation and maintenance (O&M) expense.
A solar water heater can reduce fossil fuel usage by up to 50% compared to a conventional gas or electric water heater. It also cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions, which can cause a variety of problems for the environment, such as acid rain and air pollution.
When designed correctly, solar water heating systems can be economically cost-effective. This can be done by optimizing the tilt of the collector, maximizing summer solar gains, and minimizing winter losses.
Solar Electricity
Solar energy is a type of renewable and green power that comes from the Sun. It can be used for a variety of purposes, from generating electricity to cooking to water treatment.
There are three main ways to harness the sun`s energy for use in our daily lives: Photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, and concentrated solar power (CSP). PV uses solar panels on rooftops or ground-mounted arrays that turn sunlight into electricity directly.
Concentrated solar energy uses lenses and mirrors to reflect the sun and focus it into a narrow beam. This heat can then be used to make steam, which turns a turbine and powers an electricity generator.
A solar electric system can be a great way to power your home, especially when it is combined with a backup battery system for non-daylight hours. They also save money on power bills.